KEY FACTS: LEPROSY
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Leprosy
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Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae.
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Official figures show that almost 182 000 people, mainly in Asia and Africa, were affected at the beginning of 2012, with approximately 219 000 new cases reported during 2011.
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M. leprae multiplies very slowly and the incubation period of the disease is about five years. Symptoms can take as long as 20 years to appear.
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Leprosy is not highly infectious. It is transmitted via droplets, from the nose and mouth, during close and frequent contacts with untreated cases.
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Untreated, leprosy can cause progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes.
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Early diagnosis and treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT) remain the key elements in eliminating the disease as a public health concern.